Management of Infective Endocarditis

Infective endocarditis (IE) is an endovascular microbial infection of cardiovascular structures (e.g., native valves, ventricular or atrial endocardium) including endarteritis of the large intrathoracic vessels (e.g., in a patent ductus arteriosus, arteriovenous shunts, coarctation of the aorta) or of intracardiac foreign bodies (e.g., prosthetic valves, pacemaker or ICD leads, surgically created conduits) facing the blood stream.